Building Mechanism of Speed Frame / Roving Frame / Simplex Machine

Name of the experiment: Study on the building mechanism of speed frame.

Objects:
1. To provide reversing motion of the bobbin rail.
2. To transfer the cone drum belt so that bobbin speed is decreased with the increase of bobbin dia.
3. To make the tapering shape pf the bobbin.

Function of building mechanism:
1) To transfer the cone drum belt.
2) To traverse the bobbin rail.

1) To transfer the cone drum belt:
This mechanism consists of following machine parts.
i) Dead wt.
ii) Rack driving wheel.
iii) Rack
iv) Vertical shaft.
v) Connecting rod.
vi) Connecting bar.
vii) Ratchet wheel.

There is a dead wt. at one end of the mechanism which causes the vertical shaft to rotate. They are connected through a chain. There is a rack driving wheel connected to the vertical shaft. The rack is behind the rack driving wheel. The motion of vertical shaft causes the rack driving wheel to rotate. If rack wheel rotate in the clockwise direction, it cause the rack to move in the left side. The be of cone drum is connected with the rack through a connecting rod. The left side movement of rack causes the belt to move to the left, thus reducing bobbin speed with its increasing dia.

The rack driving wheel moves in the anticlockwise direction then rack will move to the right causes the belt to move to the right. The rotation of vertical shaft is controlled by ratchet wheel. The movement of vertical shaft may be continuous due to dead weight. But ratchet wheel controls its movement. The ratchet wheel makes a 0.5 inch movement after completing winding of one layer of roving on the bobbin. As vertical shaft is connected with ratchet wheel it cannot move continuously. Again the amount of shifting of belt depends upon roving thickness i.e. on roving count. The amount of shifting of belt is controlled by replacement of ratchet wheel on by substitution of change wheels. When the bobbin is fully wound the belt must be moved back to its starting point. Today it is usually done automatically.

2) To traverse the bobbin rail:
Second function of the building mechanism is to traverse the bobbin rail. If the bobbin does not traverse the roving will wind in only one position thus making the package unstable. So to wind roving on to full length of bobbin it requires traversing motion of bobbin rail. It is done by the above mechanism. 

 

In this mechanism the following parts are available.
a. Rack driving wheel.
b. Rack
c. Lifter change pinion.
d. Double bevel.
e. Fixed bevel.
f. Bobbin rail driving shaft.
g. Connecting rod.

The connecting rod gets traversing motion from building mechanism. Double bevel is on the connecting rod. During the motion of the connecting rod when the left bevel comes in contact with the fixed bevel it gets motion from the fixed bevel. The fixed bevel has a definite direction of movement. If it moves in anti clockwise direction the left bevel will move in clockwise direction. Through gear train bobbin rail driving shaft will also move in clockwise direction. The rack driving

Wheel which is on it will also move in clockwise direction. Thus causing the rack to move in downward direction. Again when right bevel comes in contact with fixed bevel it will move in anti-clock wise direction. Through gear train the bobbin rail driving shaft will also move in anti-clock wise direction. So the rack will move in upward direction. In this way traversing of bobbin rail occurred.

Conclusion:
The function of building mechanism of the speed frame is to transfer the cone drum belt and to traverse the bobbin rail. By this practical we learn about the building mechanism of speed frame practically. Special thanks to our teacher and his assistance for helping us.

Calculation of no of Coils per inch of the Roving Bobbin

Experiment name: Calculation of no of coils per inch of the roving bobbin.

Objects:
1. To know the necessary specification for calculation.
2. To know how to calculate the coils/inch of roving bobbin.

Theory:

M/c specification:
1. Rpm of motor pulley = 960 
2. Motor pulley diameter = 5″
3. Machine pulley diameter = 7″
4. Cradle wheel = 40T
5. Cradle carrier wheel = 55 T
6. No of teeth in TCP = 28T
7. No of teeth in TCCP = 30T
8. Diameter of top cone drum = 6.5″
9. Diameter of bottom cone drum = 3.87″
10. Bottom cone drum change wheel = 18T
11. No of teeth of fender wheel = 68T
12. No of teeth of fender shaft wheel = 30T
13. Fender swivel bracket carrier wheel = 36T
14. Top lifter change wheel = 18T
15. Wheel on stud bevel = 44T
16. Stud bevel wheel = 22T
17. Double upright bevel wheel = 22T
18. Double upright bevel wheel = 18T
19. Reversing bevel = 70T
20. Reversing bevel = 70T
21. Bobbin lifter change pinion = 16T
22. Socket swivel carrier wheel = 72T
23. Socket stud wheel = 13T
24. Differential motion carrier wheel = 57T

Fig: Gearing diagram of Roving Frame to calculate no of coils per inch of the roving bobbin

Calculation:
We know, Bobbin speed = 822 
Spindle speed = 749 
Therefore, Coils per minute = 822 – 749 
                                          = 73 
Result:
No. of coils per inch = 11.

Conclusion: 

Our teacher and lab assistants are very much helpful to us. Their well teaching and instruction help us greatly to understand this practical. I think this practical will be very helpful in my future career.

Twist Constant of the Speed Frame / Simplex M/C / Roving Frame Machine | Calculation of Twist, Twist Constant of the Speed Frame Machine

Name of the experiment: Calculation of twist, twist constant of the speed frame machine.

Introduction:
Twist is the spiral turns given to a yarn to increase the strength of the yarn. But in speed frame machine vary small amount of twist is given to the roving to make it able to wound onto a bobbin. For a fibrous material twist is measured by the parameter twist per inch (TPI), twist per centimeter or twist per meter (TPM). For the cotton sample twist is measured by TPI.

In speed frame machines twist per unit is varied with the variation of raw material and its different parameters. This variation of twist is inserted by changing a wheel that is connected with the main driving shaft named twist change pinion (TCP). And the multiply of TCP and TPI, present in a machine is called twist constant. This value is applicable for any required twist with corresponding TCP. So we can find out the required TCP to get a given TPI. The generalize formulae is as below: 

Specification:

• Front roller carrier wheel :80T(A)
• Twist constant change pinion carrier:30T(B)
• Twist constant change pinion:30T(C)
• Twist change pinion:28T(D)
• Sprocket wheel:34T(E)
• Sprocket pinion:36T(F)
• Spindle carrier wheel:40T(G)
• Spindle wheel:22T(H)

GEARING DIAGRAM:

Fig: Gearing diagram of speed frame

Calculation:
 

Result:
Twist per inch TPI → 1.56 
Required TCP → 33 

Conclusion:
Speed frame is the first machine which enables the winding of the fibrous material on to a package. From this machine the fibre gets a circular shape which is very advantageous to be used in ring spinning. So the importance of this machine is very much. In this experiment we indicate different gearing diagram of the twist inserting portion; specify it and calculate twist and twist constant. We found a satisfactory result. So the experiment is a successful one.