List of Knitting Machines | Machineries aer Used for GarmentsManufacturing

List of Knitting Machines are given below:

1. V-bed knitting machine

2. Circular knitting machine
3. Four truck single jersey circular knitting m\c
4. Mechanical Interlock circular knitting machine
5. Electronic Interlock Circular Knitting Machine
6. Interlock circular knitting machine.
7. Rib circular knitting machine
8. Jacquard Circular Knitting Machine
9. V- Bed Automatic Knitting Machine
10. Coller Cuff V- Bed Automatic Knitting Machine
11. Tricot Warp Knitting Machine
12. Linking Machine
13. Hand Socks Knitting Machine
14. Automatic Socks Knitting Machine
15. Straight bar frame knitting machine
16. Rachel warp knitting machine 

17. Single truck single jersey circular knitting m\c

Machineries aer Used for Garments Manufacturing:
1. Industrial over lock machine
2. Blind Stitch sewing machine
3. Bar tack sewing machine
4. Industrial Button Hole machine
5. Button attaching machine
6. Flat lock sewing machine
7. Feed of the Arm sewing machine

The List of Weaving Machineries | List of Different Kinds of Loom

In ancient time, men wore bulk of the tree or skin of different kinds of animal . By the development of human civilization, they started to wear cloth. In the first, they weaved cloth with hand. As a result production was so much little. Even to weave one cloth had to take one week or more time. After the revolution of time, men started to use power loom and the present modern loom to produce fabric.

The List of Weaving Machines:

1. Winding Machine:
a. Precision Winding machine
b. Non- Precision Winding machine

2. Creeling Machine

3. Warping Machine
a. High speed Warping Machine
b. Sectional Warping Machine

4. Sizing Machine
a. Slasher Sizing Machine
b. Ball warp Sizing Machine
c. Hank sizing maching

List of Different kind of Loom:
a. Hand loom
b. Power loom

a. Hand loom
1. Primitive loom
2. Pit loom
3. Frame loom
4. Chittaranjan loom
5. Hatersley loom

b. Power loom
1. Air jet loom
2. Water jet loom
3. Rapier loom
4. Multiphase loom

List of Textile Machineries are Used in Textile Manufacturing Process |Yarn Spinning Machines

In normal concept ”Engineering” means gathering of different kinds of machines . In case of textile engineering process also needs different kinds of machines to produce finished products means garments from fiber.

List of Textile Machineries are used in Textile Manufacturing Process:

In case of Fiber Preparation or Ginning:

Ginning Machines:

1. Saw ginning machine
2. Knife Roller ginning machine
3. Mecharthy ginning machine

Machineries List of Yarn Spinning:

1. Hopper bale opener or Bale plucker
2. Step clener or Ultra cleaner or Super cleaner
3. Verticle / Twine opener or cleaner
4. Hopper feeder
5. Porcupine opener
6. Kirschner beater
7. Cotton cleaner
8. R.N. beater
9. S.R.R.L. beater
10. Mono cylinder beater
11. Scutcher
12. Carding machine
13. Drawing Frame
14. Lap former
15. Comber machine
16. Simplex
17. Ring Frame
18. Cone winding machine/Auto coner 

Machineries are Used in Jute Spinning:

1. Jute 1st draw frame machine
2. Jute 2nd draw frame machine
3. Jute 3rd draw frame machine
4. Jute Slip Draft Spinning frame
5. Jute Apron Draft Spinning Frame Machine
6. Breaker Carding machine
7. Finisher Carding machine

Dyeing Machineries/Printing Machineries/Finishing Machineries | List ofConvensional and Modern Dyeing/Printing/Finishing Machineries

Dyeing Machine:

In the pre-industrial revolution time, dyeing, printing, finishing process were done manually or very convensional process. So amount of production was so little. By the change of time, changing the machineries in dyeing, printing and finishing section. As a result production has become high as well as quality also increased.

Yarn dyeing machine

Convensional and Modern Dyeing/Printing/Finishing Machineries list are given below:

In case of Dyeing:

• Singeing machine:

1. Plate singeing machine
2. Roller singeing machine
3. Gas flame singeing machine

• Desizing machine/ Padding mangle
• Kier boiling machine
• J-box bleaching bleaching machine
• Fiber dyeing machine
• Yarn dyeing machine
• Package dyeing machine
• Fabric dyeing machine
• Jet dyeing machine
• Jigger dyeing machine
• Padding mangle dyeing machine
• Beam dyeing machine
• Winching dyeing machine
• Hank dyeing machine

In case of Printing:

• Roller printing machine
• Rotary screen printing machine
• Flat bed screen printing machine

In case of Finishing:

• Yarn mercerizing machine
• Fabric mercerizing machine:

1. Pad chain type machine
2. Chainless type machine
3. Pad-Chainless type machine

• Brush damping machine
• Spray damping machine
• Embossing calendering machine
• Teasel raising machine
• Card wire raising machine
• Sanforizing machine

Sanforizing/Anti-Shrinkage Finishing | Sanforizing Finishing Process

Sanforizing:

Sanforizing is a controlled compressive shrinkage process, which is applied on woven fabric to achieve shrinkage before making the garments. After sanforizing the residual shrinkage of woven fabric may be zero. In sanforizing process shrinkage is achieve by passing the cotton fabric onto a movable elastic felt blanket is released it assumes a shortened conditional. Thus the cotton fabric is forced to conform this compression.

Residual Shrinkage:
Residual Shrinkage is the latent shrinkage of a fiber ,Filament, yarn or fabric.

The shrinkage amount of fabric is dependent on:
1. The nature of fibers
2. The character of threads
3. The way of interlacing of thread in the fabric.
4. Crimp in yarn.
5. Cycle of washing no. of washing.

Sanforizing Process:
Sanforizing is a mechanical finishing process of treating textile fabrics to prevent the normal dimensional alternation of warp and weft. It is also called anti-shrinkage finishing process. It is a process of treatment used for cotton fabrics mainly and most textiles made from natural or chemical fibres, patented by Sanford Lockwood Cluett (1874–1968) in 1930. It is a method of stretching, shrinking and fixing the woven cloth in both length and width, before cutting and producing to reduce the shrinkage which would otherwise occur after washing .

Simplified diagram of the sanforizing method of producing shrinkage

Sanforizing process is based on the principle that when a elastic felt blanket is passed around a metal roller in contact with it, its outer surface is process extended and the inner surface contracted. So the process is called controlled compressive shrinkage process.

Ginning | Cotton Ginning Process | Types of Ginning

Ginning

Ginning is the process of separating the cotton fibers from the cotton seeds. Perfect ginning operation would be performed if the separation of fibers from seed was effected without the slightest injury to either seeds or to the fiber. A cotton gin is a machine that quickly and easily separates the cotton fibers from the seeds, a job previously done by hand. These seeds are either used again to grow more cotton or, if badly damaged, are disposed of. It uses a combination of a wire screen and small wire hooks to pull the cotton through the screen, while brushes continuously remove the loose cotton lint to prevent jams. The term “gin” is an abbreviation for engine, and means “machine”.

Types of Ginning

Previous to the introduction of Modern Machinery, ginning was performed by hand or by machines of a primitive character such as the “Foot Roller” and its improvement the “Churka”.

As the cotton industry developed, greater production than these were capable of was necessary, and machines driven by power were introduced. Numerous forms of gins have been tried, but at the present time only three are used to any large extent. They are

1. Knife Roller Gin / Roller Gin

2. Saw Gin
3. Macarthy Gin

Three Types Of Macarthy Gins

i. Single acting Macarthy Gin.

ii. Double acting Macarthy Gin

iii. Double roller Macarthy Gin / Double Roller Gin

Analysis of Woven Fabric Structure (Twill)

Experiment name: Analysis of woven fabric(Twill).

Object:
1. To sketch the structure of fabric.
2. To know about the raw material of fabric.
3. To know about different specifications of fabric.

Sample:
A piece of plain woven fabric.

Apparatus:
1. Counting glass,
2. Needle,
3. Beesleys balance,
4. Twist tester,
5. GSM cutter,
6. Graph paper.

Analysis:
1. Weave plan: In graph the gaps between the lines are considered according to X axis as weft threads and according to Y axis as warp threads. The up threads are indicated by filling up the gaps and down threads without filling up the gaps.

2. Drafting plan: According to British system drafting plan is drawn at the top of weave plan. Here straight draft is used to draft the plan.

3. Lifting plan: The lifting plan is drawn at the right side of the weave plan.

4. Face side and backside: The face and backside can not be easily understood.

5. Direction of warp and weft: Direction of both warp and weft are indicated by arrow marks by the side of the sample.

6. Raw material: Both warp and weft yarns are cotton.

7. Thread density:

No. of reading	EPI	Average	PPI	Average
1	90	90	76	76
2	91		75
3	90		75
4	92		76
5	91		74

8. Yarn count:

No. of reading	Warp count	Average	Weft count	Average
1	55	55	41	42
2	54		42
3	53		40
4	55		43
5	54		41

9. Yarn twist: Both warp and weft yarns have no twist.

10. Design of fabric: Color and weave effect is used to design the fabric and Z twill is used as basic design. Two colors are used in both warp and weft way. In warp color ratios are 4:2, 4:4, 2:4 & 2:2 and in weft 2:2, 4:2 & 4:4.

11. GSM calculation: By GSM cutter we cut the fabric. Then weight by electric balance. We find the GSM of fabric is 124 gm/meter2.

12. Repeat size: The repeat size of this fabric is 4´ 4.

13. Type of loom:  Jacquard loom is used to produce this fabric.

14. End use: This type of fabric is used for making coat and suited cloth. It is used for wear cloth and house furnishing cloth etc.

Conclusion:
Analysis of fabric structure is very essential to know about the fabric. Because it gives all kinds of information about the fabric that is needed to reproduce or to change structure or design of fabric. By this practical I learn how to analyse primarily a simple plain structure of woven fabric. Further I will learn more complex fabric analysis. But this basic structure analysis will be very much helpful not only to analyse those but also in my future career.