Different Types of Fabric -by Usage | Apparel Fabric | Beachwear Fabric| Blanket Fabric | Curtain Fabric | Drapery Fabric | Home FurnishingFabric | Hosiery Fabric | Industrial Fabric | Interlining Fabric |Mattress Fabric | Outdoor Fabric | Packing Fabric | Pin tuck Fabric |Quilting Fabric | Rugs & Carpets | Tapestry Fabric | Tent Fabric |Terry Fabric | Umbrella Fabric | Upholstery Fabric

Apparel Fabric

A woven fabric which is used in clothing and garments or for decoration and covering purposes. Use of these fabrics dates back to the 16th century when various fabrics like cotton, silk, wool etc. were used for making garments or apparels.

Beachwear Fabric  

Beach Wear fabric should be carefully chosen to give it a dignified yet comfortable feel. Nylon Lycra is the standard swim wear fabric that allows the beach wear to be stretchy yeast retains its shape and support. Neon prints and solids, Velvets are the other fabrics used for beach wear.

Blanket Fabric
This is a heavy, loosely woven fabric, usually of wool, used in bed clothing. Nothing lasts as long as wool and reversible fabrics backed with a Sherpa pile are as warm and soft as they are warm.

Curtain Fabric
Light weight and loosely woven fabrics are used in making curtains because these have the ability to control the amount of light to be let in. Some fibers like Cotton, Linen and Polyester hold up better under sun and are pretty safe fabrics for sewing curtains.

Drapery Fabric
Drapery fabric must suit the decor and have the right properties for the window’s treatment styling. Cotton, Linen, Acrylic Blends, Polyester Blends, Acetate, Nylon are the right choice of fabrics because of factors like strength, crease resistance, durability, wash-ability and reasonable price.

Home Furnishing Fabric
The textile fabrics are used to make bed spreads, blankets, quilts, curtain, table cloths etc. All home furnishing fabrics are of high quality such as Silk, 100% Cotton, Australian Merino Lamb’s Wool, Baby Camel Hair, Cashmere, Lama Alpaca, wool etc.

Hosiery Fabric
Hosiery are tailored coverings for the feet and its usage dates back to pre-history. Wool was once a primary material but nowadays cotton is much more common.

Industrial Fabric
Industrial fabrics are a strong and durable woven textile and are made from high performance, a made fibers such as fiberglass, carbon, and aramid fibers. Most of these fabrics are used in industries where high heat is present and high strength and dimensional stability are required.

Interlining Fabric
This fabric is used to provide warmth to any. Lycra, Sheer and Light weight Fabrics, Wool and Mohair Blends, Blends of Cashmere, Silk, Teflon treated Fabrics etc. are mostly used for interlining purpose.

Mattress Fabric
A comfortable mattress will help in a good night’s sleep and so the proper fabric should be used in the making of a mattress. For ex: Mattress protectors have an advanced polypropylene fabric with a luxuriously soft texture. Thus these mattresses are more comfortable to sleep in.

Outdoor Fabric
Available in a vast variety, outdoor fabrics possess thermal, fire and abrasion resistant properties. Made from natural as well as man-made fibers, these fabrics are further manufactured into casual and sportswear.

Packing Fabric
Packing fabric is widely used to protect goods and materials while in transportation from one place to another. Generally made of stretch material, these fabrics retain their shape for long time to come.

Pin tuck Fabric
Pin tuck fabrics are used to beautify or decorate the garments. They are mostly used for women blouses and other clothing.

Quilting Fabric
Quilting is used for padding a fabric; this two layered fabric is easy and comfortable. Cotton, silk and wool blends, polyester are popular options.

Rugs & Carpets
The fabric used to manufacture rugs and carpets are made of both natural as well as synthetic fibers, they can not only be easily cleaned but also easily moved.

Tapestry Fabric
One of the oldest forms of woven fabric, tapestry fabric is available in multi colors and multi patterns to enchant the onlooker.

Tent Fabric
Tent fabric is generally made from strong and durable material to weather all conditions. Natural fabrics are blended with synthetic ones for making it stronger.

Terry Fabric
Made of cotton, terry has a lot of absorbing capacity; it is extensively used to make towels, bathrobes and bath gowns.

Umbrella Fabric
Beautiful and useful umbrella fabric is made of canvas, linen, duping, as they are durable and strong. It also protects from the harmful UV rays.

Upholstery Fabric
Upholstery fabrics are woven into beautiful and eye caching patterns and designs. They are not only tough and durable but also do not soil or fade; easy to maintain. 

Seam | Uses of Seam | Production of Different Types of Seam

Experiment name: Production of different types of seam.

Objects:
01) To know about various classes of seams.
02) To produce the seams on fabric by sewing machines.
03) To know the formation & construction process of various seams.

Different Types of seam :
01) Class-1-Super imposed seam
02) Class-2-Lapped seam
03)Class-3-Bound seam
04) Class-4-Flat seam
05)Class-5-Decorative seam
06)Class-6-Edge Neatening(Over Lock)

01) Super imposed seam:
The seam of class-1 is called superimposed seam. This is the most common & mostly used seam for joining fabrics. In this seam, two plies of fabric are placed on one another perfectly & then the fabrics are sewn. The sewn edges of the fabrics remain in the same side.

Uses:
In side seams of shirts, trouser, children wear etc. Piped & French seam are used for decorative purposes.

02)Class-2- Lapped seam:
The seam of class-2 is called lapped seam. At least two plies of fabric is required to produce this type of seam. The two Sewn edges remain in two opposite sides of the sewing line/seam line.

Uses:
This class of seam is not mostly used for sewing garments. This seam is used in sewing jeans pants, lunges etc.

03)Class-3- Bound seam: The seam of class-3 is called bound seam. For producing bound seam at least two plies of fabric are required. The edge of One ply of fabric is bounded by the other. Folder is used in sewing machine for producing bound seam.

Uses:
Used in sewing men’s underwear, Guernsey, pants, sleeping suits etc.

04)Class-4- Flat seam:
The seam of class -4 is called flat seam where zigzag stitches are used by 2-needle sewing machine. In this seam two plies of fabric are placed side by side & then they are sewn together by zigzag stitching.

Uses:
This seam is widely used in under garments & in knitted items.

05)Class-5-Decorative Seam:
The seam of class-5 is called decorative seam. This seam is used in order to decorative purpose. The fabric which we used that would be folded in several times and then according to the under side of the folded part of the fabric stitch can be produced.

Uses:
Cartains,Table clotchs,Furniture wears,Decorative ladies wears et

06)Class-6-Edge Neatening:
The seam of class-6- is called edge neatening which is used to holds the edge of the fabric such that the yarns of the fabric can not open easily.All the over Lock stitch is edge neatening class seam.

Uses:
To protect the fabric edge such that the warp yarn of the fabric can not easily open.

Conclusion:
This experiment is very helpful to us. By this experiment we can learn about various types of seams. This experiment will be helpful for our future practical life. So we should be done this experiment very carefully & sincerely.

Stitches | Garments Stitches | Production of Different Types of Stitches

Experiment name: Production of different types of stitches.

Introduction:
Seam and stitch are related to each other. Because stitch can not be made without seam and vice versa. Seam is the join between two or more plies of pieces of material. Seams are usually formed by sewing. Sewing is done by joining one or more threads or loops of threads with intralooping, interlooping or interlacing. Stitch is the unit of this sewing.

Every unit of a seam line formed by interlooping, intralooping or interlacing of one or more threads is called stitch. When one loop of a thread is passed through another loop of same thread it is called intralooping. When one loop of a thread passes through another loop of another thread it is called interlooping. When one loop of a thread passes over another loop of another thread it is called interlacing.

Objectives:
1) To identify different types of stitches.
2) To observe the formation and structure of stitches.
3) To know about the uses of various types of stitches.

Theory:
About 70 types of stitches are found using and from these types 18 to 20 types of stitches are mostly used in garments industries. All types of stitches are classified into 6 classes. They are

1. Stitch class-100 : Chain stitch
2. Stitch class-200 : Hand stitch
3. Stitch class-300 : Lock stitch
4. Stitch class-400 : Multi thread chain stitch
5. Stitch class-500 : Over edge/Edge neatening chain stitch
6. Stitch class-600 : Covering chain stitch

Now they are described below:

Stitch class-100: Chain stitch:
Chain stitches are produced by one or more needle threads and are charcterised by intralooping. One needle thread is passed through the fabric, form needle loop and is secured by the next loop formed by the same thread. Thus stitches are produced. This type of stitches is much unsecured. In case of the break of any stitch, it unravels very easily. The most common type of stitch is stitch calss-100 is stitch type-101. As it is very unsecured it is used for biasting operations which are temporary stitching operation for the positioning of collar, cuff and flaps etc.

Stitch class-200: Hand stitch:
This type is originated from hand stitches. It is produced from a single thread. This thread is passed through the fabric from one side to another and the stitch is secured by the single line of thread passing in and out of the garment. Hand stitching is a time consuming and costly operation which needs high skill for good appearance. Stitch type- 209 is used at the edges of jackets. For producing this stitch a special type of needle having at the middle and sewing machine is used. Normally this type of stitch is used in costly dresses.
 

Stitch class-300: Lock stitch:
This type of stitches is produced with two or more groups of threads. Here the two threads are joined by interlacing. Loops of one group are passed through the material and are secured by the thread of second group. On e group is referred as needle thread and other as bobbin thread. This stitch has enough strength and same appearance on both sides. Lock stitches are also very secured and don’t unravels in case of yarn breakage. The disadvantage is bobbin contains less thread and so runs out during sewing. As a result the bobbin is again threaded after sometimes which time consuming and disgusting. Lock stitch is extensively used for joining fabrics collar, cuff, pocket, facing etc. Top stitching is used for button holing, attaching, blind stitching etc.

Stitch class-400: Multi thread chain stitch:
This class is formed with two or more groups of threads. Loops of one group of thread are passed through the material and are secured by interlacing and interloping with loops of another group. Here on group is called needle thread and another group looper thread. The most common is stitch type-401 which is produced by one needle thread and one looper thread. It has an appearance of lock stitch on the top but has a double chain effect formed by a looper thread on the under side. Sometimes stitches in this class are called ‘double lock stitch’ because the needle thread is interconnected with two loops of the under thread. Here the possibility of seam pucker is very less. Again all threads are supplied from cone packages so there is no possibility of running out thread. This type of stitches is used foe sewing lace, braid and elastic. Stitch type-401 is used in jeans and trouser.

Stitch class-500: Over edge/Edge neatening chain stitch:
The stitch type in this class is formed with one or more groups of threads. Here at least one group of thread passes around the edge of material. So no thread from the fabric can come out. The most frequently used stitch of this type have one or two needle threads and one or two looper threads and thus forms a narrow band of stitching along the edge of the fabric. A trimming knife of the machine ensures a neat edge prior to sewing. Stitch type-504 is formed of a needle thread and two looper threads. This class of stitch is used for edge neatening and for producing seam in knitted fabric. The extensibility of this stitch is very good. The width of this stitch is 3-5 mm. This stitch type can be used to make a decorative neated edge.

Stitch class-600: Covering chain stitch:
This type of stitches is generally produced with 3 groups of threads. Threads of two groups can be seen from either side. The first group of thread is called needle thread, second is called top cover thread and the third is called bottom cover thread. The stitches of this class are very complex and up to 9 threads can be used in producing these stitches. For producing stitch type-606, 4 needle threads and 5 other threads are required and it is called flat lock. Flat lock stitches are used in knitted fabrics especially in under wears. It is also used in decorating leisure wears. Stitch type-602 is used for attaching laces, braids and elastics in garments. Moreover it is used in decorative stitches and top stitching.

Conclusion:
The experiment gives us an idea about different types of thread and their parameters that will help me to choose a good thread. I would like to give special thanks to our teacher. I am also grateful to our instructors. I think this experiment will be very helpful in my future life.