Determination of Light Fabric Strength by Vertical Strength Tester

Figure: The pendulum lever principle

Name of the Experiment: Determination of light fabric strength by vertical Strength Tester with pendulum lever principle.

Introduction:
The strength of a fabric gives us an idea how much load we can apply on it and it is very important for fabric. The strength of the fabric is very necessary for it because if the fabric strength is not good then it will break with excessive tensile force and thus the dresses produced may tear with the outside force. The strength of a fabric varies with EPI, PPI, and Count variation. The strength of the fabric also varies if the length and width of the fabric to be tested is changed. The strength of the fabric also depends on the construction of the fabric. A plain fabric is stronger than a twill fabric if made from yarn of same count.

The m/c used here is a vertical strength tester .Therefore, the experiment has two objects:

1. To find out the strength of the fabric.
2. To be precise in testing.

Theory:
Strength is a measure of the steady force necessary to break a material and is measured in pound. The m/c works in Pendulum lever principle with constant rate of extension.
Assuming the specimen to be extensible and an absence of any dynamic effects, we get from the figure:
Fr = Mgr = MgRsinq

As the value of M,g,R and r are constant, therefore
F µ sin q.
According to the applied force the m/c dial gives us the strength in lb on the basis of this q.
Apparatus:
1. Cotton fabric
2. Fabric strength tester
3. Scissors

M/c specification:

1. The Fabric Strength Tester
2. Goodbrand & Co. Ltd.
3. Capacity: 250lb

Testing atmosphere:
Temperature – 29oC and relative humidity – 76%
Standard atmosphere: temperature – 20oC and relative humidity - 65%.

Sample:
Size – 8inch X 2inch.
No. of sample – 20 (For warp way-10, For weft way-10).

Working procedure:
1.At first 12inch × 2inch fabric was cut out from a big piece of fabric. The excess amount of fabric was cut because the two jaws will require at least 2inch each to grip the fabric. Thus 10 samples were cut down for testing.
2.Now, the first sample is fixed with the upper jaw J1 and the lower jaw J2.
3.The m/c is started and observed the dial until the sample is torn out.
4.When the sample is torn out the m/c is stopped and the reading is taken.
5.By this way the others’ reading are taken.
6.At last average and CV% are calculated.

Data:

Warp way:

Reading	Fabric strength (lbs)	Avg strength (lbs)	SD	CV%
1	80	82.3	3.23	3.92
2	87
3	86
4	78
5	80

        
Weft way:

Reading	Fabric strength (lbs)	Avg strength (lbs)	SD%	CV%
1	71	70.4	2.9	4.24
2	64
3	69
4	72
5	74

Calculation:

Result:

The warp way fabric strength= 82.3 lbs
The weft way fabric strength= 70.4 lbs
The CV% for warp way fabric strength=3.92%
The CV% for weft way fabric strength=4.24%

Remark:
The strength of a fabric varies with (1) EPI variation,(2) PPI variation, (3) Count variation. The strength of the fabric also varies if the length and width of the fabric to be tested is changed. If we take a sample which size is 3inch×6inch and another sample size 2inch×6inch then the strength of the first sample will be greater than the second one. Thus if we increase the length of the second sample then the strength of the second sample will be decreased. The strength of the fabric also depends on the construction of the fabric.

Identification of Fibre | Fiber Identification | Identification ofThermoplastic Fibre

Name of the Experiment: Identification of given fibre sample .

Objects:
1. To know about the physical properties of sample fiber.
2. To know about the chemical properties of sample fiber.
3. To identify the type of sample fibre.
Visual properties:
Colour: White
Handle: Harsh

Physical test:

Preliminary sorting test by heating:
We took small tuft of fibres hold in forceps and brought it slowly up to but not into a small non-luminous flame. Then observe the condition:

Obs. no.	Behavior	Remark
1	Does not shrink from flame or melt	Non-thermoplastic

For non- thermoplastic fibre:
Bring a small tuft of fibres into a small non-luminous flame –

Obs. no.	Behavior	Remark
1	Burn with irregular spurting flame, leaving a black inflated, easily powdered residue & emits a smell of burnt hair.	Protein (Silk & Wool)

Chemical test:

Obs. no.	Chemical	Behavior		Remark
		Cold	Hot
1.	Phenol	Unchanged	Unchanged
2.	Dimethyl formamide	Unchanged	Unchanged
3.	Sulphuric acid	Unchanged	Dissolve	May be silk
4.	Sodium hydroxide	Unchanged	Dissolve	May be wool

Confirmation test:

Obs. no.	Chemical	Behavior		Result
		Cold	Hot
1.	Sodium hydroxide	Unchanged	Dissolve	Wool

Visual properties:

Colour: White
Handle: Soft.

Physical test:

Preliminary sorting test by heating:
We took small tuft of fibres hold in forceps and brought it slowly up to but not into a small non-luminous flame. Then observe the condition:

Obs. no.	Behavior	Remark
1.	Shrink from flame or melts with the formation of bead	Thermoplastic

For thermoplastic fibre:
Bring a small tuft of fibres into a small non-luminous flame –

Obs. no.	Behavior	Odor	Residue	Remark
1.	Melts then burns (smoky flame)	Aromatic	Glossy brown bead (not crushable)	May be Polyester

Chemical test:

Obs. no.	Chemical	Behavior		Remark
		Cold	Hot
1.	Sulphuric acid	Unchange	Unchange
2.	Dimethyl formamide	Unchange	Unchange
3.	Phenol	Unchange	Dissolve	May be Polyester
4.	Sodium hydroxide	Unchange	Unchange

Confirmation test:

Obs. no.	Chemical	Behavior		Result
		Cold	Hot
1.	Phenol	Unchange	Dissolve	Polyester

Conclusion:
I would like to thank our respected teacher for the important instructions. I am also grateful to our lab assistants for their kind help. This experiment helps me to know about the fabric abrasion resistance and its measuring test that is very important for textile testing. I think this will be very helpful in my future life.

Inspection of Garments | Garment Inspection Section in Apparel Industry| Process of Garments Inspection

Experiment name: Garments Inspection.

Introduction:
Quality is very important to buyer or user and it is increasing day by day. Mainly two processes are followed to control quality –

i) testing & 

ii) inspection.

Objective:
To know about inspection of garments.

Description:
The inspection used for controlling the quality of garment is done by testing with blank eyes. This involves testing the cloth, sewing, thread, button, measurement etc. according to the required standard or specification. In garments industry inspection is done in 3 steps:

1. Raw material inspection
2. In process inspection
3. Final inspection

In final inspection mainly garments size, form fitting and faults are inspected. Size that is measurement given in label is inspected with the required measurement. There are standard measurements for both man and woman dresses.

Measurements found:

Components                                        Measurement

Neck                                                  17″
½ Chest                                              24″
Length                                                 28″
Sleeve length                                       24.5″
½ Arm hole                                        11.5″
½ cuff length                                       4.5″

Conclusion: 

The experiment gives us an idea about different types of inspections. I would like to give special thanks to our teacher. I am also grateful to our instructors. I think this experiment will be very helpful in my future life.